Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Details of lophophore innervation and cerebral ganglion in Cristatella mucedo . a , b cerebral ganglion and lophophoral nerves (view from above, bipolar neurons situated near oral and lophophore arms tentacle bases, in some of them the main neurites merge before joining main radial nerves in a ) (staining with antibodies against serotonin); c tentacle tips with sensory bipolar neurons which central neurite descends with tentacle frontal nerve (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); d innervation of lophophore arm (view from above, bipolar neurons situated near tentacle bases, arrows point to the places where additional radial nerves join main radial nerves) (staining with antibodies against serotonin shown in green and against α-tubulin in violet). Abbreviations: arn, additional radial nerve; bn, bipolar neurons; bsn, bipolar sensory neurons situated near the tentacle tip; cnr, serotonin-like immunoreactive neurites of circumpharyngeal nerve ring; co, commissure; dn, distal branches of main radial nerve; lh, lophophore nerve tract (horn); mrn, main radial nerve; n, neuropil of cerebral ganglion. Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: a - f , Simplified schemes of lophophore innervation in Cristatella mucedo ( a , b ), Plumatella repens ( c , d ) and Fredericella sultana ( e , f ) based on staining with antibodies against serotonin ( a , c , e ) and FMRFamide ( b , d , f ) (in ( a – d ) only tentacle bases are shown on the internal sides of lophophore arms, intertentacular membrane shown by dashed line; in ( e , f ), only tentacle bases are shown). Only perikaryon and central neurite of bipolar neurons at/below tentacle bases are shown. Abbreviations: bsn, bipolar sensory neurons; cnr, circumpharyngeal nerve ring; g, cerebral ganglion; lh, lophophore nerve tract (horn); m, mouth; mrn, main radial nerve

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining, Membrane

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Details of lophophore innervation and cerebral ganglion in Cristatella mucedo . a , b cerebral ganglion ( a view from above; b lateral view) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); c lophophore innervation (lateral view; epistome is outlined by blue colour) (catecholamine staining). Abbreviations: afn, tentacle abfrontal nerve; an, accumulations of neurons near bases of lateral tentacles; bn, bipolar neurons of tentacles; cnr, circumpharyngeal nerve ring; dn, distal branches of main radial nerve; fln, tentacle frontolateral nerve; fn, tentacle frontal nerve; g, cerebral ganglion; lh, lophophore nerve tract (horn); ln, lateral branches of main radial nerves; mrn, main radial nerve; npp, nerve plexus of pharynx; npr, nerve plexus of rectum; nr, nerve strands emitting from cerebral ganglion to rectum. Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut innervation. a , nerve plexus of pharynx in Plumatella repens (staining with antibodies against acetylated tubulin); b , nerve plexus of pharynx (top) and stomach of Cristatella mucedo (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); c , two nerve branches emitting from cerebral ganglion and innervating rectum in C. mucedo (staining with antibodies against serotonin). Abbreviations: g, cerebral ganglion; p, pharynx; rnb, nerve branches of rectum; s, stomach. Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Details of lophophore innervation and cerebral ganglion in Plumatella repens and Fredericella sultana . a , b , cerebral ganglion and lophophoral nerves in P. repens (view from above) (staining with antibodies against serotonin); c , cerebral ganglion and accumulations of neurons at the tentacle bases in P. repens (lateral view) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); d , cerebral ganglion and accumulations of neurons at the tentacle bases in F. sultana (lateral view) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide). Abbreviations: an, accumulations of neurons at tentacle bases; bn, bipolar neurons situated near oral and lophophore arms tentacle bases; co, commissure; g, cerebral ganglion; inp, nerve plexus of introvert; lh, lophophore nerve tract (horn); n, neuropil of cerebral ganglion. Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Innervation of introvert and lophophore in Fredericella sultana and introvert wall in Plumatella repens . a , Nervous network of introvert wall in F. sultana (lateral view) (staining with antibodies against acetylated tubulin); b , cerebral ganglion and nervous network of introvert wall in F. sultana (abfrontal view) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); c , innervation of introvert wall in P. repens (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide) (ring muscle layer of the body wall stained by phalloidin is seen); d , cerebral ganglion and innervation of introvert wall and lophophore in F. sultana (lateral view) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide). Abbreviations: ag, accumulations of FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons in cerebral ganglion near bases of lophophore horns; an, accumulations of neurons at tentacle bases; g, cerebral ganglion; inp, nerve plexus of introvert; lm, longitudinal musculature of introvert wall; mrn, main radial nerve; rm, ring musculature of introvert wall; tn, tentacle nerve. Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Innervation of introvert and cystid wall in Plumatella repens visualized after staining with antibodies against FMRFamide ( a , b , d ), acetylated tubulin ( c , e ) and FMRFamide and acetylated tubulin together ( f ). a , nerve plexus of the body wall (partially protruded introvert (above) separated from the cystid by dashed red line); b , nerve plexus of cystid wall; c , d , multipolar neurons in the introvert wall (marked by red asterisks); e , f , innervation of introvert wall (multipolar neurons shown by arrows). Note that FMRFamide elements often correspond to those revealed by tubulin staining. Scale bars: a , b , d , 100 μm, c , e , f , 50 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Zoology

Article Title: Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans

doi: 10.1186/s12983-015-0112-2

Figure Lengend Snippet: Innervation of cystid wall and sole in Cristatella mucedo . a , nerve plexus of frontal cystid wall (colony view from above, duplicatures of neighbouring zooids are outlined by dashed red line) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); b , nerve plexus of sole (bipolar neurons are mostly seen) (staining with antibodies against FMRFamide); c , part of sole surrounded by a peripheral rim visible as a thick diagonal line (nerve plexus and two perpendicular muscle layers are clearly seen) (staining with antibodies against acetylated tubulin); d , multipolar neurons (marked by asterisks) sandwiched between two perpendicular muscular layers (some of them innervate fibers of both layers) (staining with antibodies against acetylated tubulin and phalloidin). Scale bars: 100 μm

Article Snippet: Subsequently monoclonal antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma, T6793) combined with polyclonal antibodies against FMRFamide (Immunostar, 20,091) or serotonin (Immunostar, 20,080) were applied for 24 h. The primary antibodies were diluted 1:500 – 1:2000 in PBT.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Oral Science

Article Title: Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

doi: 10.1038/s41368-018-0026-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analysis of the critical-sized mouse calvarial defects 4 weeks post surgery. a TRAP images of the entire defect site for control and sertraline-exposed sham, scaffold, and BMP2 surgical groups. b Quantification of the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts within the defect, which indicates that sertraline exposure decreases osteoclast activity ( P = 0.001). c Alkaline phosphatase immunohistochemistry photomicrographs of control and sertraline-exposed sham, scaffold, and BMP2 surgical groups. d Quantification of the alkaline phosphatase-positive cells within the defect, demonstrating that the exposed scaffold and BMP2 groups had increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the sham group ( P < 0.001). e Proliferating cell nuclear antigen photomicrographs of control and sertraline-exposed sham, scaffold, and BMP2 surgical groups. f Quantification of the PCNA-positive cells within the defect, showing that the exposed animals had decreased proliferation ( P = 0.05) compared to the control animals, while the exposed BMP2 group had increased levels of PCNA activity compared to the sham group ( P < 0.05). g Caspase immunohistochemistry photomicrographs of control and sertraline-exposed sham, scaffold, and BMP2 surgical groups. h Quantification of the caspase-positive cells within the defect, indicating that the exposed scaffold and BMP2 groups had increased levels of apoptosis compared to the sham group ( P < 0.05). Black arrows indicate examples of positive staining. Higher magnification images were taken of the endocranial (left) and surgical margin (right). Scale bar is 40 µm; n = 3 per group; * P < 0.05; *** P < 0.001. Data are means ± standard errors

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry representative samples ( n = 3) were incubated with the following primary antibodies: PCNA, a proliferation marker (AbCam, Cambridge, MA, ab18197, 1:3 000); ALP, an osteoblast marker (AbCam ab108337, 1:250); Active Caspase 3, an apoptosis marker (Ab2302, 1:75); tissue transglutaminase, a serotonin transporter (TG2; Covalab, Villeurbanne, France, PAB0024, 1:100); and 5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin (5HT; LSBio, Seattle, WA, USA LS-B7118, 1:100).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Control, Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Oral Science

Article Title: Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline inhibits bone healing in a calvarial defect model

doi: 10.1038/s41368-018-0026-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of sertraline treatment on the function of calvarial cell populations. a – d Effect of sertraline on the proliferative potential of cell types within the defect site. e – h Apoptotic effect of sertraline. i – l ALP function of cell types within the defect site after sertraline treatment. b Pre-osteoblast E1s were shown to have significantly decreased proliferation after sertraline treatment for 3 days, while by 7 days, a significant increase was observed ( P < 0.001). In comparison, e – h the apoptotic effect of sertraline was shown to significantly decrease for f BMSCs ( P < 0.01) and g E1s ( P < 0.01), with e C2C12s and h primary calvarial cells also showing trends toward decreased apoptosis with sertraline treatment compared to control. Sertraline was found to significantly decrease i C2C12 ( P < 0.001) and j BMSC ( P < 0.001) ALP production at 7 days. n = 2–6 per cell type. # different from control; * different from low-dose sertraline; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01. Data are means ± standard errors

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry representative samples ( n = 3) were incubated with the following primary antibodies: PCNA, a proliferation marker (AbCam, Cambridge, MA, ab18197, 1:3 000); ALP, an osteoblast marker (AbCam ab108337, 1:250); Active Caspase 3, an apoptosis marker (Ab2302, 1:75); tissue transglutaminase, a serotonin transporter (TG2; Covalab, Villeurbanne, France, PAB0024, 1:100); and 5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin (5HT; LSBio, Seattle, WA, USA LS-B7118, 1:100).

Techniques: Comparison, Control